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Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren eight to ten years of age based on a causal directed acyclic graph model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians provided information on sleep disorders of the child (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and family characteristics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale). The diagnosis of malocclusion was performed by four trained examiners using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The following variables were associated with malocclusion in the final model: sleep disorders (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.43-2.86), mouth breathing (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.99), non-nutritive sucking habits (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.37-4.85), and obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33). Sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, and premature tooth loss did not remain associated with malocclusion. Sleep disorders, mouth breathing, sucking habits, and obesity are predictors of malocclusion in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.
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ABSTRACT Background Sleep bruxism (BS) is defined as involuntary jaw movements characterized by grinding and clenching teeth. Objective To verify the association between chronotype, sleep quality, and self-reporting of BS in dental students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 214 undergraduate dental students at a public university in northeast Brazil. The participants answered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for the identification of chronotype and another questionnaire regarding daily aspects to collect information about sleep quality, self-reported sleep bruxism, the use of sleeping pills, snoring, concentration during daily activities and energy upon waking. Results The prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism was 11.0%. In the final model, the eveningness chronotype (OR = 23.00; 95% CI: 2.36-223.84, p = 0.007), habitual snoring (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.31-7.39, p = 0.01) and low energy upon waking in the morning (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.96-5.58, p = 0.040) were associated with self-reported sleep bruxism. Conclusion The evening chronotype, presence of snoring, and low energy when waking up in the morning influenced self-reporting of sleep bruxism among undergraduate dental students.
RESUMO Introdução O bruxismo do sono (BS) é definido como movimentos involuntários da mandíbula caracterizados por ranger e apertar os dentes. Objetivo Verificar se o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono estão associados ao autorrelato de BS em graduandos de Odontologia. Método Um estudo transversal com 214 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire para identificar os cronotipos e outro questionário sobre aspectos diários em que foram coletadas informações sobre qualidade do sono, autorrelato de bruxismo do sono, uso de pílulas para dormir, ronco, concentração nas atividades diárias, energia ao acordar. Resultados A prevalência de autorrelato do bruxismo do sono foi de 11,0%. No modelo final, o cronotipo noturno (OR = 23,00; 95% IC: 2.36-223.84, p = 0,007), o hábito de roncar (OR = 3,12; 95% IC: 1.31-7.39, p = 0,01) e o baixo nível de energia ao acordar pela manhã (OR = 2,37; 95% IC: 1.96-5.58, p = 0,04) estiveram associados com o autorrelato de BS. Conclusão O cronotipo noturno, a presença do ronco e a baixa energia ao se levantar pela manhã influenciaram o autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether possible awake bruxism (AB) is associated with the use of electronic devices and the practice of sports in schoolchildren aged eight to ten years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 students in public and private schools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data. The children answered questions about use of electronic devices, practice of sports, and AB. Statistical analysis involved robust logistic regression for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of possible AB was 14.9%. Being female (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.11-2.63), being the middle child (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14-3.88), having unmarried parents (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.13-2.65), daily use of a cell phone/tablet/computer (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.19-2.80), use of electronic devices for two or more hours per day (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.35-2.86), and playing sports in and/or out of school (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.18-2.52) remained associated with possible AB in the final model. The presence of possible AB was influenced by the use of electronic devices and the practice of sports among schoolchildren aged eight to ten years.
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Abstract: This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and possible sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. The study hypothesis was that sleep disturbances influenced a higher occurrence of bruxism during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study was conducted at two time points: in person prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1), and online during the pandemic (T2). The sample comprised 105 children. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, the use of electronic devices, reported (vs. clinical) SB, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) at both T1 and T2. McNemar's and Wilcoxon's tests were used to compare SB and sleep disorders at both time points. Poisson regression analysis determined the relative risk (RR) among the variables, and the incidence of possible SB (p≤0.05). The comparison of the two time points (T1 and T2) revealed a significant increase in possible SB (p<0.01) and sleep disorders (p < 0.04). Children whose parents had a lower schooling level (RR: 2.67; 95%CI: 1.19-6.01), those with their own electronic devices (RR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.09-2.50), and those with sleep disorders during the pandemic (RR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.35-2.24) were at greater risk of developing SB during the pandemic. Moreover, the incidence of bruxism and sleep disorders was greater during the pandemic. The factors influencing SB incidence during the pandemic were a lower level of mothers' schooling, greater access to electronic devices, and the occurrence of sleep disorders.
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Objetivo: avaliar os aspectos éticos relacionados à propaganda e publicidade veiculadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas. Metodologia: estudo transversal que avaliou os anúncios publicitários de 40 consultórios e 17 clínicas odontológicas da cidade de Campina Grande, PB. Os anúncios foram analisados de acordo com o tipo de publicidade, com a especialidade apresentada pelo profissional ou clínica, com a apresentação de itens obrigatórios, itens permitidos e itens proibidos segundo as normas éticas da Resolução CFO- 118/2012. Os dados coletados foram registrados em formulário específico, inseridos em banco de dados do SPSS, versão 18.0 e apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: verificou-se que o meio de comunicação mais usado pelos profissionais da Odontologia é a placa, com 84,2%. Dentre os anúncios analisados, apenas 12,3% apresentavam todos os itens obrigatórios exigidos pelo Código de Ética Odontológica. O nome representativo da profissão "cirurgião-dentista" esteve presente em apenas 14,0% dos estabelecimentos pesquisados. Dentre os itens permitidos, informações sobre a área de atuação foram verificadas em 54,4% dos anúncios; entretanto, somente 3,5% dos anúncios apresentavam o título de especialidade. Quanto às infrações éticas, 5,3% dos anúncios apresentaram elementos proibidos pelo Código de Ética Odontológica, como imagens de "antes e depois" e modalidade de pagamento. Conclusões: os profissionais não estão respeitando as normas estabelecidas pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia no que concerne à propaganda e publicidade.
Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate ethical features concerning to advertising and publicity of dental establishments. Methodology: this cross-sectional study analyzed forty dental offices and seventeen dental clinics situated in Campina Grande, PB. Dental advertisements were surveyed according to the kind of publicity, dental specialty, mandatory items, elective items and banned items, according to CFO-118/2012 rule. Data were recorded in a specific form, entered into SPSS 18.0 database and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: the kind of publicity most prevalent on 84.2% dentistry establishments was signboard. Among analyzed announcements, just 12.3% show all mandatory items according Dental Code of Professional Conduct. The expression "cirurgiãodentista" (dentist) was present in a few 14.0% of surveyed ads. In case of elective items, occupation area informations were present in 54.4% of establishments, however only 3.5% of signboards present specialist titles. With regard to ethical violation, 5.3% of publicity exhibit some banned item, such as "before and after" and payment method. Conclusions: dentists are not complying rules preestablished by the Federal Council of Dentistry regarding the advertising and publicity.